Nosebleed
Nosebleeds are not usually a sign of anything serious. They're common, particularly in children, and most can be easily treated at home.
Go to Emergency if one of the following is true:
Your nosebleed lasts longer than 10 to 15 minutes
The bleeding seems excessive
You're swallowing a large amount of blood that makes you vomit
The bleeding started after a blow to your head
You're feeling weak or dizzy
You're having difficulty breathing
See a doctor if one of the following is true:
A child under 2 years old has a nosebleed
You have regular nosebleeds
You have symptoms of anaemia – such as a faster heartbeat (palpitations), shortness of breath and pale skin
You're taking a blood-thinning medicine, such as warfarin
You have a condition that means your blood cannot clot properly, such as haemophilia
The doctor might want to test you for haemophilia or for other conditions like anaemia.
How to stop a nosebleed yourself (video is below):
Sit down and lean forward, with your head tilted forward
Pinch your nose just above your nostrils for 10 to 15 minutes
Breathe through your mouth
Holding an icepack (or a bag of frozen peas wrapped in a tea towel) on the top of the nose may help reduce the blood flow. But the evidence to show it works is not very strong.
Video: How to treat a nosebleed
Causes of a nosebleed
The inside of the nose is delicate and nosebleeds happen when it's damaged. This can be caused by:
picking your nose
blowing your nose too hard
the inside of your nose being too dry (maybe because of a change in air temperature)
Nosebleeds that need medical attention can come from deeper inside the nose and usually affect adults.
They can be caused by:
an injury or broken nose
high blood pressure
conditions that affect the blood vessels or how the blood clots
certain medicines, like warfarin
Sometimes the cause of a nosebleed is unknown.
Certain people are more prone to getting nosebleeds, including:
children (they usually grow out of them by 11)
elderly people
pregnant women
Hospital treatment for nosebleeds
If doctors can see where the blood is coming from, they may seal it by pressing a stick with a chemical on it to stop the bleeding.
If this is not possible, doctors might pack your nose with sponges to stop the bleeding. You may need to stay in hospital for a day or two.
When a nosebleed stops
After a nosebleed, for 24 hours try not to:
blow your nose
pick your nose
drink hot drinks or alcohol
do any heavy lifting or strenuous exercise
pick any scabs